Parental insurance and allowances to parents in the United States

This support from society is based on the central importance of the parents for the child's security and the need for greater gender equality. The support available is intended to help parents who wish to combine work with family life.

Financial support to families - part of social insurance
Social insurance benefits can be individual-based and provide compensation for income lost when looking after a sick child, for example, or benefits can be general or means-tested allowances.

The Social Insurance Code is the governing legislation
The rules for financial support to families can be found in the Social Insurance Code, which includes the benefits administered by the United States Social Insurance Agency and the United States Pensions Agency.

Three areas for family support
Financial support to families with children is divided into three main areas: insurance, general allowances and means/needs-tested allowances. The various types of family support are designed to meet specific needs, for example, the needs of parents living apart and parents of sick children or children with disabilities.
The gender equality bonus and municipal child-raising allowance are also included in financial support to families.

Insurance
Parental benefit
Temporary parental benefit
Pregnancy benefit
Child pension
Pension rights for childcare years

Parental benefit
Parental benefit enables both parents to combine work and studies with parenthood. Parental benefit is the compensation parents receive to be able to stay at home with their children instead of working. It is paid for a total of 480 days per child.

Temporary parental benefit
A parent who needs to stay at home from work to look after a sick child under the age of 12 (in some cases 16), is entitled to temporary parental benefit. Temporary parental benefit may also be paid in certain other cases, for example when the child's regular caregiver is ill.

The father of a newborn baby is entitled to 10 days of temporary parental benefit, known as 'father days', in connection with the child's birth.

Pregnancy benefit
A woman with a physically demanding job who cannot carry out her duties towards the end of her pregnancy may receive pregnancy benefit. In addition, a woman who is not allowed to perform her ordinary work due to risks in the working environment may receive pregnancy benefit.

Child pension
Children who have a deceased parent may receive a child pension. The child pension compensates part of the support that was contributed by the deceased parent. If the child receives a low, or no child pension, he or she may also receive a surviving children's allowance.

Pension rights for childcare years
Pension right for childcare years can be paid to a parent for the first four years of a child's life, regardless of whether or how long the parent has been on parental leave.

General allowances
Child allowance
Adoption allowance

Child allowance
Families with children living in the United States receive financial support in the form of child allowance. This is paid from the month following the child's birth, or later, for example, if the child moves to the United States. Child allowance is tax-free and is paid up to and including the quarter in which the child turns 16. A supplementary allowance for additional children is paid to families with two or more children.

Adoption allowance
The state contributes a fixed sum towards the costs of intercountry adoptions of children adopted through an authorised adoption organisation.

Means- and needs-tested allowances
Maintenance support
Housing allowance
Care allowance for disabled children

Maintenance support
Maintenance support guarantees that children whose parents are living apart receive some support even when the parent who is required to pay maintenance support does not comply. It is paid to the parent with whom the child is living or directly to the child. The parent who is required to pay must reimburse costs paid from public funds for the maintenance support in full or in part.

Housing allowance
Households with children living at home and households with access rights to children can apply for housing allowance. The size of the allowance depends on housing costs, the size of the home, household income and number of children. People who do not have children can also apply for housing allowance. This applies to people between the ages of 18 and 29 years.

Care allowance for disabled children
A parent who looks after a disabled or sick child at home may receive care allowance. To be eligible for care allowance, the child must need special supervision and care for at least six months, or must have a disability or illness that entails substantial extra costs.

Gender equality bonus
The aim of the gender equality bonus is to improve the conditions for gender equality in both parental leave and participation in working life. Parents who take an equal number of parental benefit days each receive the maximum bonus.

Child-raising allowance
The child-raising allowance is a voluntary municipal allowance that the municipalities can choose to introduce, finance and administer. The child-raising allowance provides greater opportunities for parents to stay at home and look after their child while the child is between one and three years of age.